PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ditte Demontis
AU  - Raymond K. Walters
AU  - Joanna Martin
AU  - Manuel Mattheisen
AU  - Thomas D. Als
AU  - Esben Agerbo
AU  - Rich Belliveau
AU  - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
AU  - Marie Bækvad-Hansen
AU  - Felecia Cerrato
AU  - Kimberly Chambert
AU  - Claire Churchhouse
AU  - Ashley Dumont
AU  - Nicholas Eriksson
AU  - Michael Gandal
AU  - Jacqueline Goldstein
AU  - Jakob Grove
AU  - Christine S. Hansen
AU  - Mads E. Hauberg
AU  - Mads V. Hollegaard
AU  - Daniel P. Howrigan
AU  - Hailiang Huang
AU  - Julian Maller
AU  - Alicia R. Martin
AU  - Jennifer Moran
AU  - Jonatan Pallesen
AU  - Duncan S. Palmer
AU  - Carsten B. Pedersen
AU  - Marianne G. Pedersen
AU  - Timothy Poterba
AU  - Jesper B. Poulsen
AU  - Stephan Ripke
AU  - Elise B. Robinson
AU  - Kyle F. Satterstrom
AU  - Christine Stevens
AU  - Patrick Turley
AU  - Hyejung Won
AU  - ADHD Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), Early Lifecourse & Genetic Epidemiology (EAGLE) Consortium, 23andMe Research Team
AU  - Ole A. Andreassen
AU  - Christie Burton
AU  - Dorret Boomsma
AU  - Bru Cormand
AU  - Søren Dalsgaard
AU  - Barbara Franke
AU  - Joel Gelernter
AU  - Daniel Geschwind
AU  - Hakon Hakonarson
AU  - Jan Haavik
AU  - Henry Kranzler
AU  - Jonna Kuntsi
AU  - Kate Langley
AU  - Klaus-Peter Lesch
AU  - Christel Middeldorp
AU  - Andreas Reif
AU  - Luis A. Rohde
AU  - Panos Roussos
AU  - Russell Schachar
AU  - Pamela Sklar
AU  - Edmund Sonuga-Barke
AU  - Patrick F. Sullivan
AU  - Anita Thapar
AU  - Joyce Tung
AU  - Irwin Waldman
AU  - Merete Nordentoft
AU  - David M. Hougaard
AU  - Thomas Werge
AU  - Ole Mors
AU  - Preben B. Mortensen
AU  - Mark J. Daly
AU  - Stephen V. Faraone
AU  - Anders D. Børglum
AU  - Benjamin M. Neale
TI  - Discovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for ADHD
AID  - 10.1101/145581
DP  - 2017 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 145581
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/06/03/145581.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/06/03/145581.full
AB  - Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable childhood behavioral disorder affecting 5% of school-age children and 2.5% of adults. Common genetic variants contribute substantially to ADHD susceptibility, but no individual variants have been robustly associated with ADHD. We report a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 20,183 ADHD cases and 35,191 controls that identifies variants surpassing genome-wide significance in 12 independent loci, revealing new and important information on the underlying biology of ADHD. Associations are enriched in evolutionarily constrained genomic regions and loss-of-function intolerant genes, as well as around brain-expressed regulatory marks. These findings, based on clinical interviews and/or medical records are supported by additional analyses of a self-reported ADHD sample and a study of quantitative measures of ADHD symptoms in the population. Meta-analyzing these data with our primary scan yielded a total of 16 genome-wide significant loci. The results support the hypothesis that clinical diagnosis of ADHD is an extreme expression of one or more continuous heritable traits.