Revealing and understanding the mechanisms behind social inequality in prehistoric
societies is a major challenge. By combining genome-wide data, isotopic evidence, and …

While the series of events that shaped the transition between foraging societies and food
producers are well described for Central and Southern Europe, genetic evidence from Northern …

We generated genome-wide data from 69 Europeans who lived between 8,000–3,000 years
ago by enriching ancient DNA libraries for a target set of almost 400,000 polymorphisms. …

From around 2750 to 2500 bc, Bell Beaker pottery became widespread across western and
central Europe, before it disappeared between 2200 and 1800 bc. The forces that propelled …

We sequenced the genomes of a ∼7,000-year-old farmer from Germany and eight ∼8,000-year-old
hunter-gatherers from Luxembourg and Sweden. We analysed these and other …

Modern humans arrived in Europe ~45,000 years ago, but little is known about their genetic
composition before the start of farming ~8,500 years ago. Here we analyse genome-wide …

Background Recent analyses of de novo DNA mutations in modern humans have suggested
a nuclear substitution rate that is approximately half that of previous estimates based on …

Farming was first introduced to Europe in the mid-seventh millennium bc, and was associated
with migrants from Anatolia who settled in the southeast before spreading throughout …

How modern humans dispersed into Eurasia and Australasia, including the number of
separate expansions and their timings, is highly debated [1, 2]. Two categories of models are …

We assembled genome-wide data from 16 prehistoric Africans. We show that the anciently
divergent lineage that comprises the primary ancestry of the southern African San had a …