Symbiotic microorganisms have had a large impact on eukaryotic evolution, with effects
ranging from parasitic to mutualistic. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are prime examples of …

Key points In human skeletal muscles, the current view is that the capacity for mitochondrial
energy production, and thus endurance capacity, is set by the mitochondria volume. However…

As animals vocalize, their vocal organ transforms motor commands into vocalizations for
social communication. In birds, the physical mechanisms by which vocalizations are produced …

… (A) Schematics of embodied vocal motor control – inspired by Düring and Elemans 31 ,
Fig. 5.1 , with permission. The neural output of the vocal network is mapped onto three motor …

A fundamental problem in neuroscience is understanding how sequences of action
potentials (“spikes”) encode information about sensory signals and motor outputs. Although …

As an echolocating bat closes in on a flying insect, it increases call emission to rates beyond
160 calls per second. This high call rate phase, dubbed the terminal buzz, has proven …

Highlights • The source-filter theory for human voice production is applicable to songbirds. •
Biomechanical effects of muscles remain only partially understood. • Multiple mechanisms of …

Birdsong is a widely used model for vocal learning and human speech, which exhibits high
temporal and acoustic diversity. Rapid acoustic modulations are thought to arise from the …

10.7554/eLife.31176.001 Animals have a carefully orchestrated relationship with oxygen.
When exposed to low environmental oxygen concentrations, and during periods of increased …

Background Like human infants, songbirds learn their species-specific vocalizations through
imitation learning. The birdsong system has emerged as a widely used experimental …