High-throughput, noninvasive field phenotyping has revealed genetic variation in crop
morphological, developmental, and agronomic traits, but rapid measurements of the underlying …

Spectroscopy is becoming an increasingly powerful tool to alleviate the challenges of
traditional measurements of key plant traits at the leaf, canopy, and ecosystem scales. …

Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) measurements have shown unique potential for
quantifying plant physiological stress. However, recent investigations found canopy …

Ozone (O 3 ) is a damaging air pollutant to crops. As one of the most reactive oxidants
known, O 3 rapidly forms other reactive oxygen species (ROS) once it enters leaves through …

Photosynthesis is currently measured using time-laborious and/or destructive methods which
slows research and breeding efforts to identify crop germplasm with higher photosynthetic …

The Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment (SoyFACE) facility is the longest running
open-air carbon dioxide and ozone enrichment facility in the world. For over two decades, …

Improvements in genetics, technology, and agricultural intensification have increased
soybean yields; however, adverse climate conditions may prevent these gains from being fully …

Ozone is the most damaging air pollutant to crops, currently reducing Midwest US maize
production by up to 10%, yet there has been very little effort to adapt germplasm for ozone …

Exposure to elevated tropospheric ozone concentration ([O 3 ]) accelerates leaf senescence
in many C 3 crops. However, the effects of elevated [O 3 ] on C 4 crops including maize ( …

Traditional gas exchange measurements are cumbersome, which makes it difficult to capture
variation in biochemical parameters, namely the maximum rate of carboxylation measured …