Genes dedicated to killing cells must have evolved because of their positive effects on
organismal survival. Positive functions of apoptotic genes have been well established in a large …

In many metazoans, damaged and potentially dangerous cells are rapidly eliminated by
apoptosis. In Drosophila, this is often compensated for by extraproliferation of neighboring cells, …

We show that homothorax (hth) is required for the Hox genes to pattern the body of the fruit
fly, Drosophila melanogaster. hth is necessary for the nuclear localization of an essential …

Inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) family of genes encode baculovirus IAP-repeat domain-containing
proteins with antiapoptotic function. These proteins also contain RING or UBC domains …

During the development of multicellular organisms, gene expression must be tightly regulated,
both spatially and temporally. One set of transcription factors that are important in animal …

Stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress) and its cellular response, the unfolded protein
response (UPR), are implicated in a wide variety of diseases, but its significance in many …

The Integrated Stress Response (ISR) refers to a signaling pathway initiated by stress-activated
eIF2α kinases. Once activated, the pathway causes attenuation of global mRNA …

Cell death in higher organisms is negatively regulated by Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs),
which contain a ubiquitin ligase motif, but how ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation is …

To regulate their target genes, the Hox proteins of Drosophila often bind to DNA as heterodimers
with the homeodomain protein Extradenticle (EXD). For EXD to bind DNA, it must be in …

The Drosophila PBC protein Extradenticle (Exd) is regulated at the level of its subcellular
distribution: It is cytoplasmic in the absence of Homothorax (Hth), a Meis family member, and …