Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are critical to anti-cancer immune responses, but their
diverse phenotypes and functions remain poorly understood and challenging to study. We …

Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies now allow for large-scale characterization
of B cell immunoglobulin (Ig) repertoires. The high germline and somatic diversity of …

Driven by dramatic technological improvements, large-scale characterization of lymphocyte
receptor repertoires via high-throughput sequencing is now feasible. Although promising, …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS)
characterized by autoimmune-mediated demyelination and neurodegeneration. The CNS of …

Partial reprogramming by expression of reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc)
for short periods of time restores a youthful epigenetic signature to aging cells and extends …

Analyses of somatic hypermutation (SHM) patterns in B cell immunoglobulin (Ig) sequences
contribute to our basic understanding of adaptive immunity, and have broad applications not …

The B cell response to Salmonella typhimurium (STm) occurs massively at extrafollicular
sites, without notable germinal centers (GCs). Little is known in terms of its specificity. To …

The adaptive immune system confers protection by generating a diverse repertoire of antibody
receptors that are rapidly expanded and contracted in response to specific targets. Next-…

CD4 + follicular regulatory T (T fr ) cells suppress B cell responses through modulation of
follicular helper T (T fh ) cells and germinal center (GC) development. We found that T fr cells …

Transforming growth factor–β (TGFβ) is a key driver of fibrogenesis. Three TGFβ isoforms (TGFβ1,
TGFβ2, and TGFβ3) in mammals have distinct functions in embryonic development; …