The turnover of linear and cyclic electron flows has been determined in fragments of dark-adapted
spinach leaf by measuring the kinetics of fluorescence yield and of the …

Diatoms are one of the most ecologically successful classes of photosynthetic marine
eukaryotes in the contemporary oceans. Over the past 30 million years, they have helped to …

This paper summarized our present view on the mechanism of cyclic electron flow in C3
plants. We propose that cyclic and linear pathways are in competition for the reoxidation of the …

Photosystems I and II convert solar energy into the chemical energy that powers life. Chlorophyll
a photochemistry, using red light (680 to 700 nm), is near universal and is considered to …

During photosynthesis, two photoreaction centers located in the thylakoid membranes of the
chloroplast, photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII), use light energy to mobilize electrons to …

Cyclic electron flow is increasingly recognized as being essential in plant growth, generating
a pH gradient across thylakoid membrane (ΔpH) that contributes to ATP synthesis and …

All photosynthetic reaction centers share a common structural theme. Two related, integral
membrane polypeptides sequester electron transfer cofactors into two quasi-symmetrical …

Chloroplasts of land plants characteristically contain grana, cylindrical stacks of thylakoid
membranes. A granum consists of a core of appressed membranes, two stroma-exposed end …

Native tubular membranes were purified from the purple non‐sulfur bacterium Rhodobacter
sphaeroides. These tubular structures contain all the membrane components of the …

Electron transfer within PS I reaction centers has been analyzed in vivo in a mutant of Chlorella
sorokiniana which lacks most of the PS II and of the peripheric antennae, using a new …