Since the discovery of RNAi, its mechanism in plants and animals has been intensively
studied, widely exploited as a research tool, and used for a number of potential commercial …

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the causative agent of a highly contagious disease that
results in severe economic losses to the global poultry industry. The virus exists in a wide …

Most multicellular organisms regulate developmental transitions by microRNAs, which are
generated by an enzyme, Dicer. Insects and fungi have two Dicer-like genes, and many …

Several Avian paramyxoviruses 1 (synonymous with Newcastle disease virus or NDV, used
hereafter) classification systems have been proposed for strain identification and …

RNA interference (RNAi) is widely used to silence genes in plants and animals. It operates
through the degradation of target mRNA by endonuclease complexes guided by …

Avian influenza viruses of the H9N2 subtype have seriously affected the poultry industry of
the Far and Middle East since the mid-1990s and are considered one of the most likely …

The development of high-throughput molecular technologies and associated bioinformatics
has dramatically changed the capacities of scientists to produce, handle, and analyze large …

In October 2022, an outbreak in Europe of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1)
in intensively farmed minks occurred in northwest Spain. A single mink farm hosting more …

Breast cancer is still a lethal disease and the leading cause of death in women, undermining
patients’ survival and quality of life. Modern techniques of surgery and radiotherapy allow …

Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) is one of the most devastating diseases for marine
aquaculture, and similarly represents a threat to wild fish populations because of its high …