A growing body of evidence indicates that many cellular reactions within metabolic pathways
are catalyzed not by free-floating ‘soluble’ enzymes, but via one or more membrane-…

Vaccines often require adjuvants to be effective. Traditional adjuvants, like alum, activate the
immune response but in an uncontrolled way. Newer adjuvants help to direct the immune …

Highlights • Recent advances in bionanotechnology are poised to have a major impact on
vaccines. • Synthetic particulate vaccines offer advantages for precisely engineered delivery. • …

To examine the relationship between folding and export competence by the twin-arginine
translocation (Tat) pathway we analyzed the subcellular localization of fusions between a set …

Bacterial cell-to-cell communication facilitates coordinated expression of specific genes in a
growth rate-II and cell density-dependent manner, a process known as quorum sensing. …

As new disease threats arise and existing pathogens grow resistant to conventional
interventions, attention increasingly focuses on the development of vaccines to induce protective …

Synthetic scaffolds that permit spatial and temporal organization of enzymes in living cells
are a promising post-translational strategy for controlling the flow of information in both …

We performed bottom-up engineering of a synthetic pathway in Escherichia coli for the
production of eukaryotic trimannosyl chitobiose glycans and the transfer of these glycans to …

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), together with an
operon of CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, form an RNA-based prokaryotic immune system …

We have developed a prototype three-channel microfluidic chip that is capable of generating
a linear concentration gradient within a microfluidic channel and is useful in the study of …